Links Top Level Elements Executors Connectors Containers Nested Components Cluster Elements Other | The HTTP Connector| Introduction |
The HTTP Connector element represents a
Connector component that supports the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
It enables Catalina to function as a stand-alone web server, in addition
to its ability to execute servlets and JSP pages. A particular instance
of this component listens for connections on a specific TCP port number
on the server. One or more such Connectors can be
configured as part of a single Service, each
forwarding to the associated Engine to perform
request processing and create the response.
If you wish to configure the Connector that is used
for connections to web servers using the AJP protocol (such as the
mod_jk 1.2.x connector for Apache 1.3), please refer to the
AJP Connector documentation.
Each incoming request requires
a thread for the duration of that request. If more simultaneous requests
are received than can be handled by the currently available request
processing threads, additional threads will be created up to the
configured maximum (the value of the maxThreads attribute).
If still more simultaneous requests are received, they are stacked up
inside the server socket created by the Connector, up to
the configured maximum (the value of the acceptCount
attribute). Any further simultaneous requests will receive "connection
refused" errors, until resources are available to process them.
|
| Attributes |
| Common Attributes |
All implementations of Connector
support the following attributes:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
allowTrace |
A boolean value which can be used to enable or disable the TRACE
HTTP method. If not specified, this attribute is set to false.
| asyncTimeout |
The default timeout for asynchronous requests in milliseconds. If not
specified, this attribute is set to 10000 (10 seconds).
| enableLookups |
Set to true if you want calls to
request.getRemoteHost() to perform DNS lookups in
order to return the actual host name of the remote client. Set
to false to skip the DNS lookup and return the IP
address in String form instead (thereby improving performance).
By default, DNS lookups are disabled.
| maxHeaderCount |
The maximum number of headers in a request that are allowed by the
container. A request that contains more headers than the specified limit
will be rejected. A value of less than 0 means no limit.
If not specified, a default of 100 is used.
| maxParameterCount |
The maximum number of parameter and value pairs (GET plus POST) which
will be automatically parsed by the container. Parameter and value pairs
beyond this limit will be ignored. A value of less than 0 means no limit.
If not specified, a default of 10000 is used. Note that
FailedRequestFilter filter can be
used to reject requests that hit the limit.
| maxPostSize |
The maximum size in bytes of the POST which will be handled by
the container FORM URL parameter parsing. The limit can be disabled by
setting this attribute to a value less than or equal to 0.
If not specified, this attribute is set to 2097152 (2 megabytes).
| maxSavePostSize |
The maximum size in bytes of the POST which will be saved/buffered by
the container during FORM or CLIENT-CERT authentication. For both types
of authentication, the POST will be saved/buffered before the user is
authenticated. For CLIENT-CERT authentication, the POST is buffered for
the duration of the SSL handshake and the buffer emptied when the request
is processed. For FORM authentication the POST is saved whilst the user
is re-directed to the login form and is retained until the user
successfully authenticates or the session associated with the
authentication request expires. The limit can be disabled by setting this
attribute to -1. Setting the attribute to zero will disable the saving of
POST data during authentication. If not specified, this attribute is set
to 4096 (4 kilobytes).
| parseBodyMethods |
A comma-separated list of HTTP methods for which request
bodies will be parsed for request parameters identically
to POST. This is useful in RESTful applications that want to
support POST-style semantics for PUT requests.
Note that any setting other than POST causes Tomcat
to behave in a way that goes against the intent of the servlet
specification.
The HTTP method TRACE is specifically forbidden here in accordance
with the HTTP specification.
The default is POST
| port |
The TCP port number on which this Connector
will create a server socket and await incoming connections. Your
operating system will allow only one server application to listen
to a particular port number on a particular IP address. If the special
value of 0 (zero) is used, then Tomcat will select a free port at random
to use for this connector. This is typically only useful in embedded and
testing applications.
| protocol |
Sets the protocol to handle incoming traffic. The default value is
HTTP/1.1 which uses an auto-switching mechanism to select
either a blocking Java based connector or an APR/native based connector.
If the PATH (Windows) or LD_LIBRARY_PATH (on
most unix systems) environment variables contain the Tomcat native
library, the APR/native connector will be used. If the native library
cannot be found, the blocking Java based connector will be used. Note
that the APR/native connector has different settings for HTTPS than the
Java connectors.
To use an explicit protocol rather than rely on the auto-switching
mechanism described above, the following values may be used:
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol -
blocking Java connector
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol -
non blocking Java connector
org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol -
the APR/native connector.
Custom implementations may also be used.
Take a look at our Connector
Comparison chart. The configuration for both Java connectors is
identical, for http and https.
For more information on the APR connector and APR specific SSL settings
please visit the APR documentation
| proxyName |
If this Connector is being used in a proxy
configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server name
to be returned for calls to request.getServerName().
See Proxy Support for more
information.
| proxyPort |
If this Connector is being used in a proxy
configuration, configure this attribute to specify the server port
to be returned for calls to request.getServerPort().
See Proxy Support for more
information.
| redirectPort |
If this Connector is supporting non-SSL
requests, and a request is received for which a matching
<security-constraint> requires SSL transport,
Catalina will automatically redirect the request to the port
number specified here.
| scheme |
Set this attribute to the name of the protocol you wish to have
returned by calls to request.getScheme(). For
example, you would set this attribute to "https"
for an SSL Connector. The default value is "http".
| secure |
Set this attribute to true if you wish to have
calls to request.isSecure() to return true
for requests received by this Connector. You would want this on an
SSL Connector or a non SSL connector that is receiving data from a
SSL accelerator, like a crypto card, a SSL appliance or even a webserver.
The default value is false.
| URIEncoding |
This specifies the character encoding used to decode the URI bytes,
after %xx decoding the URL. If not specified, ISO-8859-1 will be used.
| useBodyEncodingForURI |
This specifies if the encoding specified in contentType should be used
for URI query parameters, instead of using the URIEncoding. This
setting is present for compatibility with Tomcat 4.1.x, where the
encoding specified in the contentType, or explicitly set using
Request.setCharacterEncoding method was also used for the parameters from
the URL. The default value is false.
| useIPVHosts |
Set this attribute to true to cause Tomcat to use
the IP address that the request was received on to determine the Host
to send the request to. The default value is false.
| xpoweredBy |
Set this attribute to true to cause Tomcat to advertise
support for the Servlet specification using the header recommended in the
specification. The default value is false.
|
|
| Standard Implementation |
The standard HTTP connectors (BIO, NIO and APR/native) all support the
following attributes in addition to the common Connector attributes listed
above.
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
acceptCount |
The maximum queue length for incoming connection requests when
all possible request processing threads are in use. Any requests
received when the queue is full will be refused. The default
value is 100.
| acceptorThreadCount |
The number of threads to be used to accept connections. Increase this
value on a multi CPU machine, although you would never really need more
than 2. Also, with a lot of non keep alive connections, you
might want to increase this value as well. Default value is
1.
| acceptorThreadPriority |
The priority of the acceptor threads. The threads used to accept
new connections. The default value is 5 (the value of the
java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY constant). See the JavaDoc
for the java.lang.Thread class for more details on what
this priority means.
| address |
For servers with more than one IP address, this attribute
specifies which address will be used for listening on the specified
port. By default, this port will be used on all IP addresses
associated with the server.
| bindOnInit |
Controls when the socket used by the connector is bound. By default it
is bound when the connector is initiated and unbound when the connector is
destroyed. If set to false, the socket will be bound when the
connector is started and unbound when it is stopped.
| compressableMimeType |
The value is a comma separated list of MIME types for which HTTP
compression may be used.
The default value is text/html,text/xml,text/plain.
| compression |
The Connector may use HTTP/1.1 GZIP compression in
an attempt to save server bandwidth. The acceptable values for the
parameter is "off" (disable compression), "on" (allow compression, which
causes text data to be compressed), "force" (forces compression in all
cases), or a numerical integer value (which is equivalent to "on", but
specifies the minimum amount of data before the output is compressed). If
the content-length is not known and compression is set to "on" or more
aggressive, the output will also be compressed. If not specified, this
attribute is set to "off".
Note: There is a tradeoff between using compression (saving
your bandwidth) and using the sendfile feature (saving your CPU cycles).
If the connector supports the sendfile feature, e.g. the NIO connector,
using sendfile will take precedence over compression. The symptoms will
be that static files greater that 48 Kb will be sent uncompressed.
You can turn off sendfile by setting useSendfile attribute
of the connector, as documented below, or change the sendfile usage
threshold in the configuration of the
DefaultServlet in the default
conf/web.xml or in the web.xml of your web
application.
| compressionMinSize |
If compression is set to "on" then this attribute
may be used to specify the minimum amount of data before the output is
compressed. If not specified, this attribute is defaults to "2048".
| connectionLinger |
The number of seconds during which the sockets used by this
Connector will linger when they are closed.
If not specified, the JVM default will be used.
| connectionTimeout |
The number of milliseconds this Connector will wait,
after accepting a connection, for the request URI line to be
presented. Use a value of -1 to indicate no (i.e. infinite) timeout.
The default value is 60000 (i.e. 60 seconds) but note that the standard
server.xml that ships with Tomcat sets this to 20000 (i.e. 20 seconds).
Unless disableUploadTimeout is set to false,
this timeout will also be used when reading the request body (if any).
| connectionUploadTimeout |
Specifies the timeout, in milliseconds, to use while a data upload is
in progress. This only takes effect if
disableUploadTimeout is set to false.
| disableUploadTimeout |
This flag allows the servlet container to use a different, usually
longer connection timeout during data upload. If not specified, this
attribute is set to true which disables this longer timeout.
| executor |
A reference to the name in an Executor
element. If this attribute is set, and the named executor exists, the
connector will use the executor, and all the other thread attributes will
be ignored. Note that if a shared executor is not specified for a
connector then the connector will use a private, internal executor to
provide the thread pool.
| executorTerminationTimeoutMillis |
The time that the private internal executor will wait for request
processing threads to terminate before continuing with the process of
stopping the connector. If not set, the default is 0 (zero)
for the BIO connector and 5000 (5 seconds) for the NIO and
APR/native connectors.
| keepAliveTimeout |
The number of milliseconds this Connector will wait
for another HTTP request before closing the connection. The default value
is to use the value that has been set for the
connectionTimeout attribute.
Use a value of -1 to indicate no (i.e. infinite) timeout.
| maxConnections |
The maximum number of connections that the server will accept and
process at any given time. When this number has been reached, the server
will accept, but not process, one further connection. This additional
connection be blocked until the number of connections being processed
falls below maxConnections at which point the server will
start accepting and processing new connections again. Note that once the
limit has been reached, the operating system may still accept connections
based on the acceptCount setting. The default value varies by
connector type. For BIO the default is the value of
maxThreads unless an Executor
is used in which case the default will be the value of maxThreads from the
executor. For NIO the default is 10000.
For APR/native, the default is 8192.
Note that for APR/native on Windows, the configured value will be
reduced to the highest multiple of 1024 that is less than or equal to
maxConnections. This is done for performance reasons.
If set to a value of -1, the maxConnections feature is disabled
and connections are not counted.
| maxExtensionSize |
Limits the total length of chunk extensions in chunked HTTP requests.
If the value is -1, no limit will be imposed. If not
specified, the default value of 8192 will be used.
| maxHttpHeaderSize |
The maximum size of the request and response HTTP header, specified
in bytes. If not specified, this attribute is set to 8192 (8 KB).
| maxKeepAliveRequests |
The maximum number of HTTP requests which can be pipelined until
the connection is closed by the server. Setting this attribute to 1 will
disable HTTP/1.0 keep-alive, as well as HTTP/1.1 keep-alive and
pipelining. Setting this to -1 will allow an unlimited amount of
pipelined or keep-alive HTTP requests.
If not specified, this attribute is set to 100.
| maxThreads |
The maximum number of request processing threads to be created
by this Connector, which therefore determines the
maximum number of simultaneous requests that can be handled. If
not specified, this attribute is set to 200. If an executor is associated
with this connector, this attribute is ignored as the connector will
execute tasks using the executor rather than an internal thread pool.
| maxTrailerSize |
Limits the total length of trailing headers in the last chunk of
a chunked HTTP request. If the value is -1, no limit will be
imposed. If not specified, the default value of 8192 will be
used.
| minSpareThreads |
The minimum number of threads always kept running. If not specified,
the default of 10 is used.
| noCompressionUserAgents |
The value is a regular expression (using java.util.regex)
matching the user-agent header of HTTP clients for which
compression should not be used,
because these clients, although they do advertise support for the
feature, have a broken implementation.
The default value is an empty String (regexp matching disabled).
| processorCache |
The protocol handler caches Processor objects to speed up performance.
This setting dictates how many of these objects get cached.
-1 means unlimited, default is 200. If not using
Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a good default is to use the same as
the maxThreads setting. If using Servlet 3.0 asynchronous processing, a
good default is to use the larger of maxThreads and the maximum number of
expected concurrent requests (synchronous and asynchronous).
| restrictedUserAgents |
The value is a regular expression (using java.util.regex)
matching the user-agent header of HTTP clients for which
HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/1.0 keep alive should not be used, even if the clients
advertise support for these features.
The default value is an empty String (regexp matching disabled).
| server |
Overrides the Server header for the http response. If set, the value
for this attribute overrides the Tomcat default and any Server header set
by a web application. If not set, any value specified by the application
is used. If the application does not specify a value then
Apache-Coyote/1.1 is used. Unless you are paranoid, you won't
need this feature.
| socketBuffer |
The size (in bytes) of the buffer to be provided for socket
output buffering. -1 can be specified to disable the use of a buffer.
By default, a buffers of 9000 bytes will be used.
| SSLEnabled |
Use this attribute to enable SSL traffic on a connector.
To turn on SSL handshake/encryption/decryption on a connector
set this value to true.
The default value is false.
When turning this value true you will want to set the
scheme and the secure attributes as well
to pass the correct request.getScheme() and
request.isSecure() values to the servlets
See SSL Support for more information.
| tcpNoDelay |
If set to true, the TCP_NO_DELAY option will be
set on the server socket, which improves performance under most
circumstances. This is set to true by default.
| threadPriority |
The priority of the request processing threads within the JVM.
The default value is 5 (the value of the
java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY constant). See the JavaDoc
for the java.lang.Thread class for more details on what
this priority means.
|
|
| Java TCP socket attributes |
The BIO and NIO implementation support the following Java TCP socket
attributes in addition to the common Connector and HTTP attributes listed
above.
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
socket.rxBufSize |
(int)The socket receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) size in bytes. JVM default
used if not set.
| socket.txBufSize |
(int)The socket send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) size in bytes. JVM default
used if not set.
| socket.tcpNoDelay |
(bool)This is equivalent to standard attribute
tcpNoDelay.
| socket.soKeepAlive |
(bool)Boolean value for the socket's keep alive setting
(SO_KEEPALIVE). JVM default used if not set.
| socket.ooBInline |
(bool)Boolean value for the socket OOBINLINE setting. JVM default
used if not set.
| socket.soReuseAddress |
(bool)Boolean value for the sockets reuse address option
(SO_REUSEADDR). JVM default used if not set.
| socket.soLingerOn |
(bool)Boolean value for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER).
A value for the standard attribute connectionLinger
that is >=0 is equivalent to setting this to true.
A value for the standard attribute connectionLinger
that is <0 is equivalent to setting this to false.
Both this attribute and soLingerTime must be set else the
JVM defaults will be used for both.
| socket.soLingerTime |
(int)Value in seconds for the sockets so linger option (SO_LINGER).
This is equivalent to standard attribute
connectionLinger.
Both this attribute and soLingerOn must be set else the
JVM defaults will be used for both.
| socket.soTimeout |
This is equivalent to standard attribute
connectionTimeout.
| socket.performanceConnectionTime |
(int)The first value for the performance settings. See
Socket Performance Options
All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
be used for all three.
| socket.performanceLatency |
(int)The second value for the performance settings. See
Socket Performance Options
All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
be used for all three.
| socket.performanceBandwidth |
(int)The third value for the performance settings. See
Socket Performance Options
All three performance attributes must be set else the JVM defaults will
be used for all three.
| socket.unlockTimeout |
(int) The timeout for a socket unlock. When a connector is stopped, it will try to release the acceptor thread by opening a connector to itself.
The default value is 250 and the value is in milliseconds
|
|
| BIO specific configuration |
The following attributes are specific to the BIO connector.
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
disableKeepAlivePercentage |
The percentage of processing threads that have to be in use before
HTTP keep-alives are disabled to improve scalability. Values less than
0 will be changed to 0 and values greater than
100 will be changed to 100. If not specified,
the default value is 75.
|
|
| NIO specific configuration |
The following attributes are specific to the NIO connector.
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
pollerThreadCount |
(int)The number of threads to be used to run for the polling events.
Default value is 1 per processor up to and including version 7.0.27.
Default value as of version 7.0.28 is 1 per processor but not more than 2.
When accepting a socket, the operating system holds a global lock. So the benefit of
going above 2 threads diminishes rapidly. Having more than one thread is for
system that need to accept connections very rapidly. However usually just
increasing acceptCount will solve that problem.
Increasing this value may also be beneficial when a large amount of send file
operations are going on.
| pollerThreadPriority |
(int)The priority of the poller threads.
The default value is 5 (the value of the
java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY constant). See the JavaDoc
for the java.lang.Thread class for more details on what
this priority means.
| selectorTimeout |
(int)The time in milliseconds to timeout on a select() for the
poller. This value is important, since connection clean up is done on
the same thread, so do not set this value to an extremely high one. The
default value is 1000 milliseconds.
| useComet |
(bool)Whether to allow comet servlets or not. Default value is
true.
| useSendfile |
(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability.
The default value is true.
| socket.directBuffer |
(bool)Boolean value, whether to use direct ByteBuffers or java mapped
ByteBuffers. Default is false.
When you are using direct buffers, make sure you allocate the
appropriate amount of memory for the direct memory space. On Sun's JDK
that would be something like -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=256m.
| socket.appReadBufSize |
(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
a read ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
default this read buffer is sized at 8192 bytes. For lower
concurrency, you can increase this to buffer more data. For an extreme
amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or increase your
heap size.
| socket.appWriteBufSize |
(int)Each connection that is opened up in Tomcat get associated with
a write ByteBuffer. This attribute controls the size of this buffer. By
default this write buffer is sized at 8192 bytes. For low
concurrency you can increase this to buffer more response data. For an
extreme amount of keep alive connections, decrease this number or
increase your heap size.
The default value here is pretty low, you should up it if you are not
dealing with tens of thousands concurrent connections.
| socket.bufferPool |
(int)The NIO connector uses a class called NioChannel that holds
elements linked to a socket. To reduce garbage collection, the NIO
connector caches these channel objects. This value specifies the size of
this cache. The default value is 500, and represents that
the cache will hold 500 NioChannel objects. Other values are
-1 for unlimited cache and 0 for no cache.
| socket.bufferPoolSize |
(int)The NioChannel pool can also be size based, not used object
based. The size is calculated as follows:
NioChannel
buffer size = read buffer size + write buffer size
SecureNioChannel buffer size = application read buffer size +
application write buffer size + network read buffer size +
network write buffer size
The value is in bytes, the default value is 1024*1024*100
(100MB).
| socket.processorCache |
(int)Tomcat will cache SocketProcessor objects to reduce garbage
collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
cache at most. The default is 500. Other values are
-1 for unlimited cache and 0 for no cache.
| socket.keyCache |
(int)Tomcat will cache KeyAttachment objects to reduce garbage
collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
cache at most. The default is 500. Other values are
-1 for unlimited cache and 0 for no cache.
| socket.eventCache |
(int)Tomcat will cache PollerEvent objects to reduce garbage
collection. The integer value specifies how many objects to keep in the
cache at most. The default is 500. Other values are
-1 for unlimited cache and 0 for no cache.
| selectorPool.maxSelectors |
(int)The max selectors to be used in the pool, to reduce selector
contention. Use this option when the command line
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorShared value is set
to false. Default value is 200.
| selectorPool.maxSpareSelectors |
(int)The max spare selectors to be used in the pool, to reduce
selector contention. When a selector is returned to the pool, the system
can decide to keep it or let it be GC'd. Use this option when the
command line org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorShared
value is set to false. Default value is -1 (unlimited).
| command-line-options |
The following command line options are available for the NIO
connector:
-Dorg.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorShared=true|false
- default is true. Set this value to false if you wish to
use a selector for each thread. When you set it to false, you can
control the size of the pool of selectors by using the
selectorPool.maxSelectors attribute.
| oomParachute |
(int)The NIO connector implements an OutOfMemoryError strategy called
parachute. It holds a chunk of data as a byte array. In case of an OOM,
this chunk of data is released and the error is reported. This will give
the VM enough room to clean up. The oomParachute represents
the size in bytes of the parachute(the byte array). The default value is
1024*1024(1MB). Please note, this only works for OOM errors
regarding the Java Heap space, and there is absolutely no guarantee
that you will be able to recover at all. If you have an OOM outside of
the Java Heap, then this parachute trick will not help.
|
|
| APR/native specific configuration |
The following attributes are specific to the APR/native connector.
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
deferAccept |
Sets the TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT flag on the listening socket
for this connector. The default value is true where
TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT is supported by the operating system,
otherwise it is false.
| pollerSize |
Amount of sockets that the poller responsible for polling kept alive
connections can hold at a given time. Extra connections will be closed
right away. The default value is 8192, corresponding to 8192 keep-alive
connections. This is a synonym for maxConnections.
| pollTime |
Duration of a poll call in microseconds. Lowering this value will
slightly decrease latency of connections being kept alive in some cases,
but will use more CPU as more poll calls are being made. The default
value is 2000 (2ms).
| sendfileSize |
Amount of sockets that the poller responsible for sending static
files asynchronously can hold at a given time. Extra connections will be
closed right away without any data being sent (resulting in a zero
length file on the client side). Note that in most cases, sendfile is a
call that will return right away (being taken care of "synchronously" by
the kernel), and the sendfile poller will not be used, so the amount of
static files which can be sent concurrently is much larger than the
specified amount. The default value is 1024.
| threadPriority |
(int)The priority of the acceptor and poller threads.
The default value is 5 (the value of the
java.lang.Thread.NORM_PRIORITY constant). See the JavaDoc
for the java.lang.Thread class for more details on what
this priority means.
| useComet |
(bool)Whether to allow comet servlets or not. Default value is
true.
| useSendfile |
(bool)Use this attribute to enable or disable sendfile capability.
The default value is true.
|
|
|
| Special Features |
| HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/1.0 Support |
This Connector supports all of the required features
of the HTTP/1.1 protocol, as described in RFC 2616, including persistent
connections, pipelining, expectations and chunked encoding. If the client
(typically a browser) supports only HTTP/1.0, the
Connector will gracefully fall back to supporting this
protocol as well. No special configuration is required to enable this
support. The Connector also supports HTTP/1.0
keep-alive.
RFC 2616 requires that HTTP servers always begin their responses with
the highest HTTP version that they claim to support. Therefore, this
Connector will always return HTTP/1.1 at
the beginning of its responses.
|
| Proxy Support |
The proxyName and proxyPort attributes can
be used when Tomcat is run behind a proxy server. These attributes
modify the values returned to web applications that call the
request.getServerName() and request.getServerPort()
methods, which are often used to construct absolute URLs for redirects.
Without configuring these attributes, the values returned would reflect
the server name and port on which the connection from the proxy server
was received, rather than the server name and port to whom the client
directed the original request.
For more information, see the
Proxy Support HOW-TO.
|
| SSL Support |
You can enable SSL support for a particular instance of this
Connector by setting the SSLEnabled attribute to
true.
You will also need to set the scheme and secure
attributes to the values https and true
respectively, to pass correct information to the servlets.
The BIO and NIO connectors use the JSSE SSL whereas the APR/native
connector uses OpenSSL. Therefore, in addition to using different attributes
to configure SSL, the APR/native connector also requires keys and certificates
to be provided in a different format.
For more information, see the
SSL Configuration HOW-TO.
| SSL Support - BIO and NIO |
The BIO and NIO connectors use the following attributes to configure SSL:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
algorithm |
The certificate encoding algorithm to be used. This defaults to
KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm() which returns
SunX509 for Sun JVMs. IBM JVMs return
IbmX509. For other vendors, consult the JVM
documentation for the default value.
| allowUnsafeLegacyRenegotiation |
Is unsafe legacy TLS renegotiation allowed which is likely to expose
users to CVE-2009-3555, a man-in-the-middle vulnerability in the TLS
protocol that allows an attacker to inject arbitrary data into the user's
request. If not specified, a default of false is used. This
attribute only has an effect if the JVM does not support RFC 5746 as
indicated by the presence of the pseudo-ciphersuite
TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV. This is available JRE/JDK 6 update 22
onwards. Where RFC 5746 is supported the renegotiation - including support
for unsafe legacy renegotiation - is controlled by the JVM configuration.
| ciphers |
The comma separated list of encryption ciphers to support for HTTPS
connections. If specified, only the ciphers that are listed and supported
by the SSL implementation will be used. By default, the default ciphers
for the JVM will be used. Note that this usually means that the weak
export grade ciphers will be included in the list of available ciphers.
The ciphers are specified using the JSSE cipher naming convention. The
special value of ALL will enable all supported ciphers. This
will include many that are not secure. ALL is intended for
testing purposes only.
| clientAuth |
Set to true if you want the SSL stack to require a
valid certificate chain from the client before accepting a connection.
Set to want if you want the SSL stack to request a client
Certificate, but not fail if one isn't presented. A false
value (which is the default) will not require a certificate chain
unless the client requests a resource protected by a security
constraint that uses CLIENT-CERT authentication.
| clientCertProvider |
When client certificate information is presented in a form other than
instances of java.security.cert.X509Certificate it needs to
be converted before it can be used and this property controls which JSSE
provider is used to perform the conversion. For example it is used with
the AJP connectors, the HTTP APR connector and
with the
org.apache.catalina.valves.SSLValve. If not specified, the default
provider will be used.
| crlFile |
The certificate revocation list to be used to verify client
certificates. If not defined, client certificates will not be checked
against a certificate revocation list.
| keyAlias |
The alias used to for the server certificate in the keystore. If not
specified the first key read in the keystore will be used.
| keyPass |
The password used to access the server certificate from the
specified keystore file. The default value is "changeit".
| keystoreFile |
The pathname of the keystore file where you have stored the
server certificate to be loaded. By default, the pathname is
the file ".keystore" in the operating system home
directory of the user that is running Tomcat. If your
keystoreType doesn't need a file use ""
(empty string) for this parameter.
| keystorePass |
The password used to access the specified keystore file. The default
value is the value of the keyPass attribute.
| keystoreProvider |
The name of the keystore provider to be used for the server
certificate. If not specified, the list of registered providers is
traversed in preference order and the first provider that supports the
keystoreType is used.
| keystoreType |
The type of keystore file to be used for the server certificate.
If not specified, the default value is "JKS".
| sessionCacheSize |
The number of SSL sessions to maintain in the session cache. Use 0 to
specify an unlimited cache size. If not specified, a default of 0 is
used.
| sessionTimeout |
The time, in seconds, after the creation of an SSL session that it will
timeout. Use 0 to specify an unlimited timeout. If not specified, a
default of 86400 (24 hours) is used.
| sslEnabledProtocols |
The comma separated list of SSL protocols to support for HTTPS
connections. If specified, only the protocols that are listed and
supported by the SSL implementation will be enabled. If not specified,
the JVM default is used. The permitted values may be obtained from the
JVM documentation for the allowed values for
SSLSocket.setEnabledProtocols() e.g.
Oracle Java 6 and
Oracle Java 7. Note: There is overlap between this attribute and
sslProtocol.
| sslImplementationName |
The class name of the SSL implementation to use. If not specified, the
default of org.apache.tomcat.util.net.jsse.JSSEImplementation
will be used which wraps JVM's default JSSE provider. Note that the
JVM can be configured to use a different JSSE provider as the default.
| sslProtocol |
The the SSL protocol(s) to use (a single value may enable multiple
protocols - see the JVM documentation for details). If not specified, the
default is TLS. The permitted values may be obtained from the
JVM documentation for the allowed values for algorithm when creating an
SSLContext instance e.g.
Oracle Java 6 and
Oracle Java 7. Note: There is overlap between this attribute and
sslEnabledProtocols.
| trustManagerClassName |
The name of a custom trust manager class to use to validate client
certificates. The class must have a zero argument constructor and must
also implement javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager. If this
attribute is set, the trust store attributes may be ignored.
| trustMaxCertLength |
The maximum number of intermediate certificates that will be allowed
when validating client certificates. If not specified, the default value
of 5 will be used.
| truststoreAlgorithm |
The algorithm to use for truststore. If not specified, the default
value returned by
javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm() is
used.
| truststoreFile |
The trust store file to use to validate client certificates. The
default is the value of the javax.net.ssl.trustStore system
property. If neither this attribute nor the default system property is
set, no trust store will be configured.
| truststorePass |
The password to access the trust store. The default is the value of the
javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword system property. If that
property is null, no trust store password will be configured. If an
invalid trust store password is specified, a warning will be logged and an
attempt will be made to access the trust store without a password which
will skip validation of the trust store contents.
| truststoreProvider |
The name of the truststore provider to be used for the server
certificate. The default is the value of the
javax.net.ssl.trustStoreProvider system property. If
that property is null, the value of keystoreProvider is used
as the default. If neither this attribute, the default system property nor
keystoreProvideris set, the list of registered providers is
traversed in preference order and the first provider that supports the
truststoreType is used.
| truststoreType |
The type of key store used for the trust store. The default is the
value of the javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType system property. If
that property is null, the value of keystoreType is used as
the default.
|
|
| SSL Support - APR/Native |
When APR/native is enabled, the HTTPS connector will use a socket poller
for keep-alive, increasing scalability of the server. It also uses OpenSSL,
which may be more optimized than JSSE depending on the processor being used,
and can be complemented with many commercial accelerator components. Unlike
the HTTP connector, the HTTPS connector cannot use sendfile to optimize static
file processing.
The HTTPS APR/native connector has the same attributes than the HTTP
APR/native connector, but adds OpenSSL specific ones. For the full details on
using OpenSSL, please refer to OpenSSL documentations and the many books
available for it (see the Official OpenSSL
website). The SSL specific attributes for the APR/native connector are:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|
SSLCACertificateFile |
See
the mod_ssl documentation.
| SSLCACertificatePath |
See
the mod_ssl documentation.
| SSLCARevocationFile |
See
the mod_ssl documentation.
| SSLCARevocationPath |
See
the mod_ssl documentation.
| SSLCertificateChainFile |
See
the mod_ssl documentation.
| SSLCACertificateFile |
Name of the file that contains the concatenated certificates for the
trusted certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.
| SSLCACertificatePath |
Name of the directory that contains the certificates for the trusted
certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.
| SSLCARevocationFile |
Name of the file that contains the concatenated certificate revocation
lists for the certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.
| SSLCARevocationPath |
Name of the directory that contains the certificate revocation lists
for the certificate authorities. The format is PEM-encoded.
| SSLCertificateChainFile |
Name of the file that contains concatenated certifcates for the
certificate authorities which form the certifcate chain for the server
certificate. The format is PEM-encoded.
| SSLCertificateFile |
Name of the file that contains the server certificate. The format is
PEM-encoded.
| SSLCertificateKeyFile |
Name of the file that contains the server private key. The format is
PEM-encoded. The default value is the value of "SSLCertificateFile" and in
this case both certificate and private key have to be in this file (NOT
RECOMMENDED).
| SSLCipherSuite |
Ciphers which may be used for communicating with clients. The default
is "ALL", with other acceptable values being a list of ciphers, with ":"
used as the delimiter (see OpenSSL documentation for the list of ciphers
supported).
| SSLDisableCompression |
Disables compression if set to true and OpenSSL supports
disabling compression. Default is false which inherits the
default compression setting in OpenSSL.
| SSLHonorCipherOrder |
Set to true to enforce the server's cipher order
(from the SSLCipherSuite setting) instead of allowing
the client to choose the cipher (which is the default).
| SSLPassword |
Pass phrase for the encrypted private key. If "SSLPassword" is not
provided, the callback function should prompt for the pass phrase.
| SSLProtocol |
Protocol which may be used for communicating with clients. The default
value is all, which is equivalent to SSLv3+TLSv1
with other acceptable values being SSLv2,
SSLv3, TLSv1 and any combination of the three
protocols concatenated with a plus sign. Note that the protocol
SSLv2 is inherently unsafe.
| SSLVerifyClient |
Ask client for certificate. The default is "none", meaning the client
will not have the opportunity to submit a certificate. Other acceptable
values include "optional", "require" and "optionalNoCA".
| SSLVerifyDepth |
Maximum verification depth for client certificates. The default is
"10".
|
|
|
|
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